隠れた名著 　　   　 その８ 　　　 リン・ソーンダイク著 「14世紀の錬金術」 from Lynn Thorndike, A History of Magic and Experimental Science. Vol. 3, Columbia U.P. , N.Y. , 1934. 　　 　　　     これは、こういう名の著作があるという意味ではありません。実は、こういう基本中の基本文献を本邦では科学史や化学史の専門家であっても読んでいない人が多いことを最近知って驚いたからです。ソーンダイクの不朽の金字塔である『魔術と経験科学の歴史』（全８巻、1923‐1958年）の中、ここでは14世紀に関する巻の錬金術関係の章を抜き出してお伝えします。優れた文献学者として名高い L.Thorndike の真骨頂が発揮されるのが中世の研究においてだからです。どうです、結構あるでしょう。補遺の資料編を含めない本論だけで14世紀に関して150ページ以上割かれています。M.Berthelot 以降 R.Halleux 以前の中世ラテン錬金術の研究の一番の貢献者は、実は Lynn Thorndike なのです。

　

    III.  Alchemy of the Later Middle Age    pp. 39-51
            Difficulties of the historians of alchemy
            Influence of the Turba philosophorum and Latin Geber
            Works ascribed to Albertus Magnus and Aquinas
            Rosinus, Alfidius, Rudianus, Senior, and Gratian all probably
                before 1300
            Other names
            "Liber Compostella" of brother Bonaventura de Iseo
            Decline of Arabic and outburst of Latin alchemy after 1300
            Legal opinion as to alchemy : Oldrado da Ponte, John Andrea,
                Andrea de Rampinis, Albertic da Rosciate
 
    IV.  Alchemical Works Accribed to Arnald of Villanova
            pp. 52-84
            Personages addressed
            Auestion of authenticity
            Various "Rosaries"
            "Rosarius" of Arnald
            "Verba commentatoria"
            "Rosa novella"
            "Defloratio philosophorum
            "Rosa aurea"
            "Flos florum, Flos regis, Visio mystica"
            "Flos lilii" and other "Lilies"
            "Novum lumen"
            "Perfectum magisterium"
            "Semita semitae"
            Various "Practicae"
            "Questions to Boniface VIII"
            "Secrets of Nature"
            Crucifixion passage
            "Exempla"
            "Aqua vitae"
            Letter to James of Toledo on Human Blood
            "Opus simplex"
            "Testaments"
            "Artis divisio"
             Omissions
            "Speculum alchimiae"
 
   V.  John Dastin, Alchemist    pp. 85-102
            Relation to Arnald of VIllanova
            "Letter to John XXII"
            "Libellus aureus"
            "Rosarius" opening, "Desirabile desidelarium"
            Its Leading Theory and Further Contents
            Other Briefer "Rosaries" ascribed to Dastin
            "Verborum abbreviatum" and "LIber philosophie " to cardinal
                Orsini
            Their citationsm especially of Geber
            Their further contents
            The "Vision" of John Dastin
            "The Gift of God"
 
  IX.  "The Precious New Pearl" of Petrus Bonus Lombardus
                of Ferrare    pp. 147-162
            Problem of date and authorship
            Character of the work
            Aristotle and alchemy
            Other quotation and citation
            Difficulty of alchemy
            Its relation to natural philosophy and medicine
            Arguments against alchemy and response therero
            Mercury alone theory adopted
            Sideloghts on other science of the time
 
  X.  The "Speculum alchimiae" of Nicolaus de Comitibus
                pp. 163-175
            Problem of date and authorship
            Divergence between the printed text and the manuscripts
            A dialogue between master and disciple
            Its seven dispositions
            Megical passages
            Its Arabic, religious, and astrological flavor
            Confusion of statement and air of unreality
            Alchemical treatises to members of the French royal
                family
            Other "Mirrors"
 
  XI.  Ortolanus and his Influence    pp. 176-190
            Hortulanus or Ortulanus
            Commentary on the "Emerald Tablet"
            "Rosinus minor"
            Problem of a practica by Ortulanus
            The treatise openning "Studio namque florenti"
            Its critical attitude towards Geber and the mercury alone
                theory
            The gloss upon it
            Its citations and personal experimentation
            Its cpnfident tone
            John Dombelay's "Practica" of 1386 and its relation to
                Ortulanus and "Studio namque florenti"
            Pratearius of Pisa
 
  XII.  John of Rupescissa : Chemist and Prophet
             pp. 347-369
            Irony of Franciscan alchemy
            John's Catalan origin, education, imprisonments
            Dates of his works
            His predictions
            His work on the fifth essence : different versions of its,
                text, its two books and various canons, the fifth essence
                from antiquity, "Fire of Adept" remedies and medical
                experience, astrology and demoniac possession
            "The Book of Light" : its different versions
            Other alchemical titles attributed to Rupescissa
 
  XXXVI.  The Alchemical Correspondance of Thomas of
                Bologna and Bernard of Treves    pp. 611-627
            Thomas of Bologna and Christine de Pisan
            The letter of Thomas toBernard of Treves : the importance
                of experiment, a "medicine" sent to court, successive
                impositions of nature, colors and elements
            Bernard's reply
            Previous errors as to his name and date
            "De chymico miraculo" and other printed works ascribed to
                Bernard
            Citations on the reply to Thomas of other works by Bernard
            The search for the philosophers' stone set forth in "De
                chymico miraculo"
            Adherence in his reply to Thomas to the mercury alone
                doctrine
            Question of celestial influence on the generation of metals
            Works of other Bernards
            Christine on her father's death and relations with Bernard
 
  XXXVII.  Other Alchemy of the Later Fourteenth Century   
                pp. 628-644
            William Sedacerius
            His citations
            Content of his treatise
            Benvenuto of Imola's reference to alchemy and alchemists
            "Stella alchimiae" of John Bombelen or Bummbeles
                of 1384
            His probable identity with John Dombelay
            The latter's views
            "Phoenix" addressed in 1399 to Martin of Aragon
            John of Vienna's "Mirror of the elements"
            Peter Zelence
            Divergence between the printed and manuscript texts
            Content of the work
            Master Vemaldus
            John Tecenensis

 
 
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